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博硕英音英语语法:第二章:冠词(2)

博硕英音英语语法 2009-09-09 08:58:11 阅读64 评论0 字号:

   第二章:冠 词1 第二章:冠 词2 第二章:冠 词3

§2.4 冠词使用中常犯错误分析

1.冠词混用的错误

(1)误:He was educated at an $ university.

正:a university

university 的开首字母虽为元音,但它的发音却为[ju:],故应用a:

A foot is a unit of length.但uncle 的u 发音为[)n],故应用an∶

An uncle of mine has lost his son.

(2)误:I don't like such an one.

正:such a one

one 的发音为[ w)n],故应用a:The robber was a one-eyed man.但

orange 须用an:I gave her an orange.

(3)误:He has a honest face.

正:an honest face

虽然honest 以辅音开头,但h 不发音,它的开首的音是元音[&]故

应用an:He stayed there an hour.但 house 的h 发音,故应用a:Hebought

a house in Taipei.

(4)误:Yesterday I found a dog in the street and I took a

dog home.

正:the dog

当我们第一次提到一个普通的生物或东西时,我们常在它前面加

a/an,在第二次提到它时,应用the:

I have bought a watch and a picture.

The watch is for my brother and the picture is for my sister.

(5)误:A sun rises in the east.

正:The sun

在 world,earth,sun,moon 等独一无二的自然物前须用定冠词the。

a.The moon is down.

b.He sailed all round the world.

c.We live on the earth.

①on earth 意为“到底、究竟”,是一个成语,在earth 前不必加

the:What on earth does he mean?

②当moon 和world 前有形容词时,常可用不定冠词。

a.We live in a busy world.

b.There was a full moon last evening.

(6)误:Do you have an authority to practice medicine?

正:the authority

authority 作不可数名词时,意指“法律上许可的权利”,作可数名

词时,意为“某方面的权威、专家”。authority 用作复数形式时,

authori-ties 意为“权威人士、当局”。authority 的意义和使不使用

冠词,常随后面接的介词的不同而不同:have authority over(对?有

权威),be an authority on(?方面的权威),have the authority to

(有许可的权利做?),be the authority for(做?的依据)。例:

He is an authority on Chinese history.

(7)误:I caught the cold.

正:a cold

catch(a)cold 意为“感冒”,是惯用语,其中a 可以省略。

(8)误:He is an Edison of Japan.

正:the Edison

专用名词可转作普通名词用,表示别的人或物具有该专用名词的特

性,须加冠词,又因上句中有of Japan 加以限定,故用定冠词the。

(9)误:Which is a cheaper one?

正:the cheaper

which 是询问两件或许多件事物中的“那一件”,已含有限定意味,

所以one 要加the。

(10)误:Tom was driving his sports car at the unbelievable

high speed.

正:at an unbelievable high speed

speed 和数字连用,表示速度的快慢时,通常要加a,如 at a speed

of thirty miles an hour,但在短语 at full/top speed(以全速)中

不加冠词。

(11)误:He has a nerve to ask me to lend him money again.

正:the nerve

have the nerve to do sth.是惯用语,意为“厚颜无耻地做什么”。

口语中有 You have a nerve!(你有胆量!)的说法。

(12)误:In most fairy tales,the princess is a heroine.

正:a princess is the heroine

a princess 为泛指一般童话中的公主而无任何限定,所以用不定冠

词。the heroine 指前面说过的已知者(a princess),故用定冠词。

(13)误:As the consequence of his laziness,he was fired.

正:As a consequence of

as a consequence of 是惯用语,意为“由于?的结果”,consequence

前不可用the,习惯用a。

(14)误:His trial was the mockery of justice.

正:a mockery of

be a mockery of 意为“是对?的嘲弄”,mockery 前习惯用 a,而

不用the,另外,make a mockery of(嘲弄)中的a 也不可改为the。

(15)误:The waterfall may be heard at the distance.

正:at a distance

at a distance 意为“在有一定距离的地方”,中间的 a 不可改为

the,另外,at a distance of(在?远的地方),from a distance(从

一定的远处),keep a distance(保持一定距离)等短语中的 a 都不可

改为 the。

(16)误:He wakes up every morning at seven o'clock to a minute.

正:to the minute

to the minute 意为“准时”,minute 前习惯加 the,不加 a。但

在 in a minute(=soon)中的 a 不可改为 the。

(17)误:When Bob asked Mary for a date,she gave him a cold

shoulder.

正:gave him the cold shoulder

give sb.the cold shoulder 意为“给人冷遇”,cold shoulder

前习惯加the,而不加 a。但 turn a cold shoulder(给以冷遇)中的 a

不可改为 the。

(18)误:My homework will be done in the moment.

正:in a moment

in the moment 意为“在?情况下、在?时刻”。in a moment 意为

“立即、一会儿”。

(19)误:Your language skill has improved in the way.

正:in a way

in the way 也可作“妨碍、阻挡”讲。

a.When I am cooking,I don't want anybody in the way.

b.Her social life got in the way of her studies.

in a way 意为“在一定程度上、有点、有几分”。

c.He told me before that I would lose money in business,

and in a way he was right.

d.Well,in a way,yes.

(20)误:All goods are tested as the matter of course before

they are put in boxes for shipment.

正:as a matter of course

as a matter of course 意为“当然、例行的”,是固定词组,其

中 a 不可改为the。

2.多用冠词的错误

(1)误:He went to the Tung-Ning Road by pedicab.

正:Tung-Ning Road

在人名、地名等专有名词前不应用冠词:Confucius(孔子)is a great

Chinese philosopher and educator.Tainan is an old city in Taiwan.当

专有名词变成普通名词时,它的前面须用冠词。

a.He is the Newton of the age.他是当代的牛顿。

在这句,the Newton 的意思是 a great scientist like Newton。

b.Hanyang has been called the Pittsburgh of China.

汉阳被称为中国的匹兹堡。

在该句中,the Pittsburgh 的意思是 a place noted for ironworks

and steelworks。

(2)误:A necessity is the mother of invention.

正:Necessity

在抽象名词前不应加冠词:Honesty is the best policy.当抽象

名词附有修饰语表示特别的性质或状态时,它前面须加冠词:The rich en

- vy the happiness of the poor.当抽象名词用作普通名词时,它的

前面也须加用冠词:She is a beauty.

(3)误:The water is changed into steam by heat.

正:Water

物质名词的前面不应加冠词:Gold is a valuable metal.

当物质名词附有修饰语表示特殊性质时,它的前面须加冠词:The

water of this well is not good to drink.当物质名词用作普通名词

时,它的前面也须用冠词:He threw a stone at the dog.

(4)误:They were playing a tennis.

正:playing tennis

说玩某种游戏时用 play at,而且在游戏的名称前不用冠词:play

billiards。 玩球在英文中可以说to play with a ball,在ball 前须

用冠词,玩别的东西也一样:She is playing with a doll.弹钢琴我

们可以说 to play on the piano 或 to play the piano,piano 的前面

须用定冠词。

a.She was playing on the piano.

b.She was playing the violin.

(5)误:The history is a very interesting subject.

正:History

在history,English,chemistry,maths 等学科前不应加冠词。

a.English is taught in all schools.

b.Mathematics is a hard subject to learn.

(6)误:The whale is a kind of an animal.

正:a kind of animal

a kind of 的后面不应用冠词:This is a new kind of machine.

(7)误:The waiter,bring me a cup of coffee,please.

正:Waiter

用作称呼的主格的普通名词前,不应用冠词。

a.Waiter,bring my bill,please.

b.Mother,where's my fish pole?

(8)误:Europeans eat with a knife and a fork.

正:with knife and fork

两个名词由连词或介词连接起来,表示共同、成双、对照等意思时,

应省去冠词。

a.They worked hard day and night.

b.He went begging from door to door.

(9)误:The children go to the school every morning.

正:go to school

有些短语由介系词和名词结合而成,表达抽象的概念,在习惯上,

这种名词前面不用冠词,如 go to school(上学),go to bed(就寝),

on foot(步行),by water(由水路)等。

a.It is time to go to bed.

b.He went there by water.

(10)误:A fool as he is,he will not do such a thing.

正:Fool as he is

名词放在句子的前面表示让步时,它的前面不用冠词:Womanas she

is,she may be of help in time of need.

(11)误:Everything went out according to the plan.

正:according to plan

according to plan 意为“按计划进行”,plan 前习惯无冠词。

(12)误:They accomplished the task according to the schedule.

正:according to schedule

according to schedule 意为“按日程表”,schedule 前习惯无冠

词。另外,在ahead of schedule(提前),behind schedule(落后于

预订计划),on schedule(按时间表、准时),to schedule(按照预

定时间)等短语中,schedule 前均无冠词。

(13)误:She is in the charge of Class Five.

正:in charge of

be in charge of 意为“负责某事”,charge 前习惯无冠同。另外,

在leave in charge of(交由?照管),put sb.in charge of(让某

人负责某事),take charge of(负责管理)等短语中,charge 前均无

冠词。但 be in the charge of 意为“由?管理”,charge 前习惯有冠

词,注意它与be in charge of 的区别。

a.The bus was in the charge of the driver.

b.The driver was in charge of the bus.

(14)误:Mary is in the possession of the vase.

正:in possession of

be in possession of 意为“占有、拥有”,possession 前习惯无

冠词。另外,在 have possession of(占有、拥有),take possession

of(夺取、拿过来)等短语中,possession 前都无冠词 the。in the

possession of 意为“在某人手中、由某人掌握”,possession 前习惯

加冠词the,注意它与in possession of 的区别。

a.All the deeds are in the possession of my solicitor.

b.My solicitor is in possession of all the deeds.

(15)误:General Grant was in the command of the army.

正:in command of

be in command of 意为“指挥”,command 前习惯不用冠词 the,

另外,在 take/have command of(指挥)中,command 前也无 the。 be

in the command of 意为“由?指挥”,command 前习惯有 the,注意它

与 be in command of 的区别。

a.The navy was in the command of Mr.Green.

b.Mr.Green was in command of the navy.

(16)误:Who is in the control of the firm?

正:in control of

be in control of 意为“控制”,control 前不可加 the。另外,

在 gain/ take control of(取得了对?的控制),have/hold control

of(控制着),lose control of(失去对?的控制),seize control of

(夺取对?的控制)等短语中,control 前均无 the。be in the control

of 意为“受?控制”,注意它与 be in control of 的区别。

a.I was in the control of evilmen who forced me to do wicked

things.

b.The evilmen who forced me to do wicked things was in control

of me.

(17)误:He is in the danger of losing his wife.

正:in danger of

in danger of 意为“处于?危险”,danger 前习惯无the。

(18)误:In the consequence of his bad work,I'm forced to

dismiss him.

正:In consequence of

in consequence of 意为“由于?的结果”,consequence 前习惯无

the。as a consequence of 意为“由于?的结果”,consequence of 前

不可用the,习惯用 a∶As a consequence of his laziness,he was

fired.

(19)误:He rushed forward in the contempt of danger.

正:in contempt of

in contempt of 意为“不顾、不把?放在眼里”,contempt 前习惯

无冠词。

(20)误:The teacher kept the count of the boys in the room.

正:kept count of

keep count of 意为“计数”,count 前习惯无冠词。另外,在losecount

of(算不清确切数目),take count of(给予注意)等短语中,count 前

习惯无冠词。

(21)误:These papers are in the need of correction.

正:in need of

in need of 意为“需要”,need 前习惯无冠词。

(22)误:He gave his life in the defence his country.

正:in defence of

in defence of 意为“保卫、为?辨护”。

(23)误:In the case of fire give the alarm.

正:In case of

in case of 意为“万一、如果”,case 前习惯无冠词。in the case

of 意为“在?情况下”,case 前必须加 the,注意其与in case of 的

区别:In the case of his father,we must make an exception.

(24)误:In the point of that question,I quite agree with

you.

正:In point of

in point of 意为“关于、就?而论”,point 前习惯无冠词。on the

point of 意为“正好要、正好去”,point 前必须有 the:I am on the

point of sending for you.

(25)误:There is a railway in the course of construction here.

正:in course of

in course of 意为“正在?中”,course 前不可加 the。in the course

of 意为“在?时期、在?过程中”,具有抽象意义:They are growing

in the course of revolutionary struggle.

(26)误:The hunters were in the pursuit of the fox.

正:in pursuit of

in pursuit of 意为“追赶”,pursuit 前习惯无冠词。

(27)误:I have just finished a long poem in the memory of

him.

正:in memory of

in memory of 意为“纪念”,memory 前习惯无冠词。

(28)误:No one is yet in the occupation of the house.

正:in occupation of

in occupation of 意为“已住进里面”,occupation 前习惯不用冠

同。

(29)误:No parking on this side of the street,bt the order

of the po-lice.

正:by order of

by order of 意为“奉?之命”,order 前习惯无the,但at the order

of(奉?之命)中,the 不可省略。

(30)误:I'm sending you five pounds in the payment of your

bill.

正:in payment of/for

in payment of/for 意为“偿付”,payment 前习惯无 the。

(31)误:He is in the peril of his life.

正:in peril of

in peril of 意为“冒?的危险”,peril 前习惯无 the。

(32)误:He is the master of the situation.

正:master of

be master of 意为“能控制”,master 前习惯无冠词。

(33)误:The police got the wind of the plans to rob the bank.

正:got wind of

get wind of 意为“得到?的线索、得到?的风声”,wind 前习惯

无冠词。

(34)误:I must get a hold of some more writing paper.

正:get hold of

get hold of 意为“抓住、得到”,hold 前习惯无冠词。另外,在

keep/catch/seize/claw/lay/take hold of(抓住)中,hold 前均无冠

词。但是,have a hold over/upon(对?影响)中的a 不可省略。

(35)误:You should take the heed of what say.

正:take heed of

take heed of 意为“注意”,heed 前习惯无冠词。另外,pay heed

to (注意)中也没有冠词。

( 36 ) 误: What can be said in the justification of his

behaviour?

正:in justification of

in justification of 意为“为?辩护”,justification 前习惯无

冠词。

(37)误:Mary lost the track of her friends.

正:lost track of

lose track of 意为“失去对?的联系”,track 前习惯无冠词。另

外,keep track of(保持对?的联系)中也无冠词。

(38)误:He spoke without the respect of other persons.

正:without respect of

without respect of 意为“不考虑”,respect 前习惯无冠词。

(39)误:In the view of the facts,it seems useless to continue.

正:In view of

in view of 意为“考虑到、鉴于”,view 前习惯无冠词。

(40)误:He came by the way of Dover.

正:by way of

by way of 意为“经由、通过?方式”,way 前习惯不用冠词。

(41)误:Our copyright story has been included by the courtesy

of the author.

正:by courtesy of

by courtesy of 意为“允许翻印、容许展出”。with the courtesy

of 意为“由?赠送”:Each woman was given a rose with the courtesy

of the management.

(42)误:When can you take the delivery of the new car?

正:take delivery of

take delivery of 意为“提取”,delivery 前习惯无 the。

(43)误:We are sending out samples in the hopes of gaining

com- ments.

正:in hopes of

in hopes of 意为“希望”,hopes 前习惯无 the,但在 in the hope

of (希望能)中的the 不可省略。

(44)误:I have received the word of his coming.

正:word of

word 作“信息、消息”解时,前面不可加冠词。word 作“留言”讲

时,其前也无冠词:Please leave word for me with my child if I am

not at home.by word of mouth(口头),word 前也无冠词:By word of

mouth,the story passed down from generation to generation.

(45)误:The lion is a big game.

正:big game

game 指猎物时是不可数名词,不加a。

(46)误:They went out hunting a tiger.

正:tiger

tiger,lion 等作“打猎的对象”解时,是不可数名词,其前不加 a。

(47)误:The English grammar is difficult even for the English.

正:English grammar

表示“某种语言的语法”时前不可加the。grammar 是不可数名词,

前也不可加a,但表示“语法书”时,grammar 是可数名词,其前可加 a,

也有复数形式:I bought a Modern English Grammar.

(48)误:I have been studying the American Literature.

正:American Literature

说“某国文学”时,前不可加the,说“某国历史”时,前也不可加

the:Are you interested in English history?但如 history 后有 of

时,前必须加 the,如 the history of China。另外,history 作“历

史书”解时是可数名词。

(49)误:Marry in a haste and repent at leisure.

正:in haste

in haste 意为“匆忙地”,中间不可加 a。

(50)误:Let me put the pen to paper.

正:put pen to paper

put pen to paper 意为“着手写、下笔”,pen 前习惯无冠词。

(51)误:Please write in a pen.

正:in pen

in 加名词表示“用什么材料”,如in ink。当表示用什么工具时,

用with a 加工具名词,如 with a pencil。

(52)误:We have taken him a prisoner.

正:take him prisoner

take/make sb.prisoner 意为“俘虏某人”,prisoner 前习惯不加

冠词。

(53)误:The police threw a murder into a prison.

正:into prison

throw sb.into prison 意为“把某人关进监狱”,prison 前习惯

无冠词。另外,take sb. to prison(把某人押入监狱),lie/be in prison

(坐牢),enter prison(入狱),leave prison(出狱),be out of

prison(出了狱)等短语中,prison 前均无冠词。另外,go to the prison

意为“去监狱上班、探监”,go to prison 意为“入狱”:The criminal's

wife went to the prison to see her husband.

(54)误:The police have the thief in the custody.

正:in custody

be in custody 意为“被拘捕”,custody 前习惯无冠词。

(55)误:The ship has left the dock.

正:left dock

表示船 leave dock(离开码头),enter/go into dock(驶入码头),

be in dock(停泊在码头),dock 前习惯不加冠词,但表示“人、车等

去码头”时,dock 前须加 the。

(56)误:The ship entered the port yesterday.

正:entered port

enter port 意为“入港”,port 前习惯无冠词。另外,在 get

to/cometo/reach port(入港),leave port(离港)等短语中,port

前均无冠词,但在下面短语中都有 a:clear a port(出港),close a

port(封港),touch at a port(靠港)。

(57)误:The cinema is within an easy reach of our school.

正:within easy reach of

within easy reach of 意为“离?很近”,easy reach 前习惯无冠

词。

另外,在 out of reach of(在?距离之外)中,reach 前也无冠词,

但在beyond the reach of(智力或影响不能及的范围)中,reach 前的

the 可用可不用:He was beyond(the)reach of human aid.

(58)误:I told him the news by the telephone.

正:by telephone

by telephone 意为“用电话”,中间不可加冠词,但在 over/on

thetelephone(在电话中),telephone 前的 the 不可省,因 telephone

指“电话机”。

(59)误:He send me a parcel by the mail.

正:by mail

by mail 意为“通过邮寄方式”,中间不加冠词。through the mail

意为“通过邮寄”,mail 前的the 不可省去,因为这里的mail 指具体的

邮件或包裹:A friend of mine sent me a letter through the mail.

(60)误:I hope the things will improve.

正:things

things 指“情形”时,前不可加 the。matters 指“情形”时,也

不可加the:Don't do that,it will make matters worse.

(61)误:I'm feeling on the top of the world today.

正:on top of the world

on top of the world 意为“高兴极了”,top 前习惯无冠词。on top

of 意为“通晓、熟练掌握”,top 前也无冠词:He is on top of the

situaton.on top 意为“在上面”,top 前习惯无冠词:The red book is

on top.

(62)误:Father was rather afraid that Mother might take a

cold.

正:take cold

take cold 意为“感冒”,cold 前习惯无a,但 have a cold(感冒)

中的a 不可省略。另外,catch(a)cold(感冒)中的a 可有可无。

(63)误:He summoned the courage to attack the difficulty.

正:summoned courage to

summon courage 意为“鼓起勇气”,courage 前习惯无冠词。另外,

在 take courage(鼓起勇气),pluck up courage(鼓起勇气),muster

up courage(鼓起勇气)等短语中,courage 前均无the,但 have the

courage (有勇气),lack the courage(缺乏勇气),find the courage

(获得勇气)等短语中,courage 前均有the。

(64)误:There is no such a thing.

正:no such thing

no such 加单数可数名词时,该名词前不可加 a。

(65)误:What on the earth did you do that for?

正:on earth

what/how/where/when/who on earth 表示强调,意为“究竟”,earth

前习惯无 the。另外,在 where/what/how/when/who in heaven(究竟),

where/what/how/when/who in nature(究竟)等句型中,heaven 和nature

前都无 the。

(66)误:The committee is in a session.

正:in session

in session 意为“在开会、在开庭、在上课”,中间不加冠词。

(67)误:The house is in the want of repair.

正:in want of

in want of(=need)意为“需要”,want 前习惯无冠词。另外,在

for want of(=lack)中,want 前也无冠词。

(68)误:She earned a little money by waiting at the table.

正:waiting at table

wait at/on table 意为“招待进餐”,table 前习惯无冠词。

(69)误:The Republican Party is in the office.

正:is in office

be in office 意为“执政”,office 前无冠词。

(70)误:The prisoners were all put to the death.

正:put to death

put to death 意为“处死”,death 前无冠词。在下列短语中,death

前均无冠词:starve to death(饿死),burn to death(烧死),work

to death(累死),bore to death(厌烦死)。另外,to the death

意为“一直到死”,death 前有 the:He will fight to the death.

(71)误:With his life in the decline,he waited for death.

正:in decline

in decline 意为“下降、衰退”,中间无冠词。on the decline 意

为“在减少中、在衰退中”,decline 前习惯有the:The population is

on the de- cline.

(72)误:She spoke of him with a great dislike.

正:with great dislike

with great dislike 意为“很不喜欢”,dislike 前习惯无冠词。

have a dislike for/to(不喜欢、讨厌),take a dislike to(讨厌)

中的 a 不可省去:I have a dislike of rain and fog.

(73)误:He studied hard at the college.

正:at college

college 当具有抽象意义时,通常不加冠词,如 attend college(上

大学),leave college(大学毕业),go to college(上大学),但

university 前可加 a,也可用the,也可不加冠词:go to university,

go to a university,go to the university 都可以说。

(74)误:They came by the sea.

正:by sea

by sea 意为“走海路、乘船”,sea 前无冠词,类似的还有 go to sea

(去当海员),put to sea(去航海),at sea(在海上),但 by the

sea(在海边、在海岸上),beyond the sea(在海外),on the sea(在

海岸边)等短语中,sea 前习惯有 the:They live by the sea.

(75)误:Short skirts are in a fashion.

正:in fashion

in fashion 意为“正时兴”,fashion 前习惯无冠词。in a fashion

of 意为“以?方式或样子”,in the fashion 意为“赶时髦”。

(76)误:He has turned a traitor.

正:turned traitor

turn 意为“变为”,加单数可数名词时,该名词前习惯不用冠词。

(77)误:I'm on the watch tonight.

正:on watch

on watch 意为“值班”,watch 前习惯无冠词。on the watch 意为

“对?留神着、对?注视着”。

(78)误:The proposal he put forward is still in the issue.

正:in issue

in issue 意为“在讨论中”,issue 前习惯无冠词。另外,在at issue

(讨论的问题、待决定)中,issue 前无冠词,但in the issue(结果、

到头来)中的the 不可省。

(79)误:He is the dean of the Foreign Languages Department.

正:dean

处于表语或主语补足语位置的名词,如果表示职务,并且是由一个

人担任的职务,该名词前一般不用冠词。

(80)误:He is in the town.

正:in town

be in town 意为“在城里”,town 前习惯无冠词。下面短语都无冠

词:be out of town(不在城里),go to town(进城),但在 reach/get

to/ap- proach/arrive at the town 等搭配中,town 前的 the 不可省去。

另外 on the town 意为“靠城镇慈善机构生活”,town 前习惯加 the:

The family has been on the town for years since the father died.

(81)误:Mr.Smith is on a holiday at present.

正:on holiday

on holiday 意为“正在度假”,holiday 前习惯无the。have/take

a holiday(休假)中的a 不可省去。 You ought to have a holiday.同

样,be on v acation(度假),vacation 前习惯也无 the 和 a:The students

are on vacation now.

(82)误:We can get home at the dark.

正:at dark

at dark 意为“天黑时”,dark 前习惯无 the。另外,在 before/after

dark 中,dark 前均无the。in the dark(在黑暗中),the 不可省略:

I don't want to sit in the dark.

(83)误:I prefer to travel by day rather than by the night.

正:by night

by night 意为“黑夜里”,night 前不可加the。另外,over night

(夜间)中也无the。但在during the night(在夜里),in the night

(在夜里),for the night(这一夜)等短语中,night 前都习惯加 the。

(84)误:He is on business at the present.

正:at present

at present 意为“目前”,present 前习惯无冠词。但for the present

(暂时)中,the 不可省去:I can't remember it for the present.

(85)误:The manuscript goes to the press next week.

正:goes to press

go to press 意为“付印”,press 前不可加冠词。但在 in the press

(正在印刷)中,the 不可省略。另外,当press 意为“新闻、报纸”时,

其前必须加the:Our school picnic was reported by the press.

(86)误:She did it on the purpose.

正:on purpose

on purpose 意为“故意地”,purpose 前习惯无 the,to the purpose

(中肯)中,the 不可省去:What he said wasn't really to the purpose.

(87)误:He is practical and down to the earth.

正:down to earth

down to earth 意为“踏实、实际”,earth 前习惯无 the。另外,

on earth(世上)中也无冠词:They are the best folks on earth.

(88)误:Some students live in the hall.

正:in hall

hall 指“(大学)宿舍或食堂”时,其前一般无冠词。

(89)误:To tell you the truth,I'm quite at a fault.

正:at fault

at falut 意为“不知所措”,fault 前习惯无冠词。

(90)误:The cow is in the milk.

正:in milk

in milk 意为“在产奶期中”,milk 前不可加the。in the milk 意

为“在牛奶中”。

(91)误:We should not rashly accept the battle.

正:accept battle

accept battle 意为“应战”,battle 前习惯无冠词。另外,在下

面短语中,battle 前均无冠词:give battle(挑战),refuse battle

(拒绝参战),offer battle(挑战),join battle(参战),die in

battle(战死)。

(92)误:The king decided to go to a war against his enemies.

正:go to war

go to war 意为“开始作战”,war 前习惯不加冠词。另外,在下面

短语中,war 前均无the:be at war(处于交战状态),declare war on

(向?宣战),drift into war(卷入战争),make/wage war upon(向?

开战),但下面两个短语中都有 the:go to the wars(当兵),carry

the war into the enemy's camp(向敌方反击)。

(93)误:It was done only in a joke.

正:in joke

in joke 意为“闹着玩的”,joke 前习惯无冠词。但如joke 前的介

词是as 或 for 时,joke 前必须加 a:I said it as(for)a joke.

(94)误:The judge pronounced a sentence on the prisoner.

正:pronounced sentence

pronounce/give/pass sentence 意为“判刑”,sentence 前不可加

冠词,另外在 under sentence of(被判处?)中也无冠词。但在 receive

a heavy sentence(受重刑)和serve a sentence(服刑)中,a 不可

省略。

(95)误:Our army laid a siege to a fortress of the enemy troops.

正:laid siege to

lay siege to 意为“包围”,siege 前习惯无 the 或a。但在下列

搭配中,siege 前常有冠词:push/press the siege (猛烈围攻),raise

a siege of (解除?围攻),stand a siege(顽强抵抗围攻),undergo

a siege(被围攻)。

(96)误:My first thought was to turn the tail.

正:turn tail

turn tail 意为“转身逃跑”,tail 前习惯无冠词。

(97)误:The wish is the father to the thought.

正:father

这是谚语,是固定用法,father 前无the,意为“愿望是思想之父”。

但mother 则相反,如下面两谚语中,mother 前均有the。

a.Failure is the mother of success.

b.Necessity is the mother of invention.

(98)误:They have nothing in the common.

正:in common

in common 意为“和?有共同点”,common 前无冠词。但在out of the

common(异乎寻常)中,common 前有冠词the。Mrs.Knight noticed nothing

out of the common.

(99)误:Give him a credit for sincerity.

正:credit

give sb.credit for 意为“为?而赞扬某人、承认某人优点”,credit

前无冠词。另外,下列短语中均无冠词:do credit to(使?感到光荣),

lend credit to(使更可信),on credit(赊购),place credit in

(相信),take credit for(自称某事是自己干的),with credit(以

优秀成绩通过考试),但在 be a credit to(使?感到光荣、给?争光)

中,a 不可省去:You are a credit to your team.

(100)误:Write your name in the full.

正:in full

in full 意为“全文地、全部地”。to the full 意为“尽情地”,

如:Enjoy yourself to the full.

(101)误:We had to do it by a guess.

正:by guess

by guess 意为“靠猜”,guess 前无冠词。但在 at a guess(粗略

地估计一下、猜一下)中,a 不可省:At a guess there are a hundred

people here.

(102)误:That was on the account of the lack of exercises.

正:on acccount of

on account of 意为“因为”。

(103)误:He walked through the streets in the search of her

place.

正:in search of

in search of 意为“寻找”,不用冠词。

(104)误:We are in the sight of land.

正:in sight of

in sight of 意为“可以看见”,sight 前习惯无冠词。另外,在下

列短语中,sight 前也无 the:keep sight of(使能看到),lose sight

of(看不见),within sight of(已能看到),catch/have sight of

(望见),但在in the sight of(在?看来)中的the 不可省去。

(105)误:She is British by the right of marriage.

正:by right of

by right of 意为“因为”,right 前无冠词,类似的还有:by reason

of (因为、由于),on receipt of(在收到?后),in receipt of(已

收到),in recognition of(表彰、作为感谢的表示),in remembrance

of(纪念),in support of(支持、证明)等,均无冠词。

a.The scheme failed by reason of bad organization.

b.On receipt of the news,I went home.

c.He gave the boy a medal in recognition of his courage.

d.A monument was built in remembrance of those who had died

for the revolution.

e.Will you speak in support of this idea?

(106)误:I'm not used to eating with a knife and a fork.

正:with knife and fork

用and 连接起来的两个名词,如果表示一件事物或单一概念时,这

些名词前不用冠词,如 bread and butter(黄油面包),day and night

(夜以继日),heart and soul(全心全意)。

(107)误:Every morning Billy has to get up early and deliver

newpa- pers from the door to the door.

正:from door to door

两个名词由介词连接起来,表示共同、成双、对照等的意思时,不

用冠词。

a.He was wet from top to toe.

b.Her disease went from bad to worse.

这类短语常见的有:from beginning to end(从头到尾),from cover

to cover(of a book)(自始至终),from hand to hand(传递),

year after year(年复一年),from top to toe(=from head to foot

从头到脚),arm in arm(臂挽臂),shoulder to shoulder(肩并肩

地),year in year out (年复一年地)等。

(108)误:We were the asses enough to believe in what he said.

正:asses

本句的asses enough 相当于 enough of the asses。名词在用作形

容词或副词等的修饰语时,前面不加冠词。

a.She was fool enough to do so.(fool=foolish)

b.Are you man enough to climb up the Great Wall of China?

(109)误:Last night,I followed him here and climbed in,

a gun in my hand.

正:gun in my hand

gun in my hand 是以名词为词组的独立结构,这种结构中的名词前

不用冠词,也不用物主代词。

a.He stood there,hand in pocket.

b.She walked in the park,stick in hand.

如果该名词词组是介同with 的宾语,则可用冠词和物主代词,如:

The hunter roamed about the forest,with a gun in his hand.

(110)误:In the 1950s the television started to take the place

of the radio in the United States.

正:television,radio

television 和radio 前一般不用冠词:His parents didn't like

televi- sion.但必须注意下列习惯用法:listen to the radio,watch

television,on TV。

3.省略冠词的错误

(1)误:The ship sailed across Pacific.

正:the Pacific

在海洋名的前面须用定冠词,如the Pacific,the Atlantic,

theMediterranean Sea(地中海)等。

a.There is a beartiful island in the Atlantic.

b.The battle was fought on the Mediterranean sea.

(2)误:The steamer was sailing on British Channel.

正:the British Channel

在海峡名的名词前须用定冠词,如 the British Channel,the Magellan

Strait(麦哲伦海峡)等。

a.The Channel lies between the North Sea and the Atlantic.

b.The Magellan Strait was discovered by Ferdinand Magellan

in 1520.

(3)误:Yangtze River is the greatest river in China.

正:The Yangtze River

在河流和运河的名称的前面,须用定冠词,如 the Yangtze River( 长

江),the Yellow River(黄河),the Panama Canal(巴拿马运河),

the Grand Canal(大运河)等。

a.The scenery along the Grand Canal is beautiful.

b.The Panama Canal is a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama,

connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

(4)误:Persian Gulf is an arm of the Arabian Sea.

正:The Persian Gulf

在海湾的名称的前面须用定冠词,如 the Persian Gulf(波斯湾),

the Spencer's Gulf(斯宾塞湾)等;The Spencer's Gulf is a large

inlet on the coast of South Australia.

bay 是比gulf 较小的海湾,在这种较小的海湾名称前不用定冠词:

Hudson Bay is an inland sea in North America.若用bay of name of

place 的形式时,它的前面须用定冠词:The Bay of Biscay is one of

the stormiest seas.

②海港名前不用定冠词。

a.Zhanjiang Harbour is at the southwest of Guangdong Province.

b.The ship is at anchor in Foochow Harbour at present.

(5)误:West Lake is the most beautiful lake in China.

正:The West Lake

在Oneida Lake(奥奈达湖),Lake Erie(伊利湖)等外国湖名前

不应用定冠词,但在英译的我国大陆的湖名的前面须用定冠词,如the

West Lake(西湖),the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖),the Poyang Lake

(鄱阳湖)等。

a.The Poyang Lake is smaller than the Dongting Lake.

b.Oneida Lake is a lake near Syracuse.

①the Dongting Lake 也可写成 Lake Dongting 的形式,在下面的

形式里lake 前不应加the:Lake Dongting is fed by the Yangtze River.

②台湾省的日月潭的英文译名是Sun Moon Lake,依照英文的习惯用

法,湖名前不用冠词:Sun Moon Lake is a noted scenic spot in Taiwan.

(6)误:Himalayas contain the highest summits in the world.

正:The Himalayas

在山脉的名称前面须用定冠词。如:the Himalayas,the Alps 等:

The Alps are the vastest mountain system in Europe.

①在单独的山名前不用定冠词:Mount Qomolangma is the highest

known mountain in the world.

② 阿尔卑斯山有几个单独的山峰名是例外,须用定冠词:

Thatmountain is the highest peak of the Bernese Alps.

(7)误:Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in southeastern Asia.

正:The Malay Peninsula

在半岛的名称前须用定冠词,如the Malay Peninsula(马来半岛),

the Iberian Peninsula(伊比利亚半岛)等:The Iberian Peninsula

comptrises Spain and Portugal.

(8)误:When Columbus first discovered West Indies,he believed

he was colse upon India.

正:the West Indies

在群岛的名称前须用定冠词:the West Indies(西印度群岛),the

Penghu Islands(澎湖群岛),the Liuqiu Islands(琉球群岛)等,

如:The Penghu Islands are a group of islands off the western coast

of Taiwan.

在单独的岛名前不用定冠词:Taiwan is a beautiful island.

(9)误:United States is an industrial nation.

正:The United States

在用复数形式表示的国家的名称的前面须用定冠词,如the U -nited

States,the Netherlands(荷兰)等:The Netherlands is the most densely

populated state in Europe.

(10)误:Hague is the capital of the Netherlands.

正:The Hague

在有些特别的地名前须用定冠词,如荷兰的首府The Hague(海牙),

地中海沿岸的风景区 the Riviera(里维耶拉),还有 the Sahara(撒

哈拉沙漠),the Sudan(苏丹)等。

a.The Sahara is the largest desert of the would.

b.The Sudan was proclaimed an independent repubic in 1956.

The Hague 的 The 即使在句中,也须大写:In 1912,the International

Opium Convention was signed at The Hague.

(11)误:Chinese Government is ruled by the people.

正:The Chinese Government

在政府及其各部门的名称的前面须用定冠词: the Chinese

Gov-ernment(中国政府),the Foreign Office(外交部)等,如:The

Foreign Of- fice refused to give out any further information on

the event.

(12)误:He is a member of Young Men's Christian Association.

正:the Young Men's Christian Association.

the Young Men's Christian Association(基督教青年会),the

Ladies' Patriotic Society(妇女爱国会)等会社的名称前须加 the。

例:The Ladies'Patriotic Society was founded long ago.

(13)误:Taipei Post Offfice is not far from the station.

正:The Taipei Post office

在邮局和银行的专有名称的前面须用定冠词:the Taipei Post Of

- fice,the Central Bank 等。例:He has a large deposit in the

Central Bank.

(14)误:I bought the book at Popular Book Company.

正:the Popular Book Compary

在旅馆和商店的专有名称前面须用定冠词:the Mar FlowerHotel,

the Popular Book Company 等。例:The May Flower Hotel is fitted up

with modern comforts.

(15)误:He left Catholic Hospital a week atter the operation.

正:the Catholic Hospital

在医院和戏院的专有名称的前面须用定冠词:the Catholic Hospital,

the Great World Theatre 等。例:The Great World Theatre is full.

(16)误:Have you visited Forbidden City?

正:the Forbidden City

在建筑物的专有名称前面须用定冠词:the Forbidden City(紫禁

城),the Great Wall,the Altar of Heaven(天坛)等。

a.The Great Wall is said to be the only thing man has made

that can be seen from the moon.

b.The Empire State Building is the tallest in the world.

有些英国的建筑物的名称前不加定冠词:Westminster Abbey,

Westminster Bridge,St.Paul's Cathedral。

(17)误:Queen Elizabeth for London left yesterday.

正:The Queen Elizabeth

在船的名称前须用冠词以免引起误会:the Queen Elizabeth,the

Missouri(密苏里号),the Bismarck(卑斯麦号)等。船队的名称前

也需用定冠词:In June,1944,the American fleet captured the strong

island of Saipan.

(18)误:He read Bible every day.

正:the Bible

在书名前须用定冠词:the Bible,the Analects of Confucius(论

语)等。例:He can recite many passages from the Analects of

Confucius.

以作者或以故事的主角名为书名时,书名前不必用定冠词。

a.Have you ever read Shakespeare?

b.Jane Eyre is my favourite book.

( 19)误:Eastern Miscellany was the most famous Chinese

magazine be- fore the second world war.

正:The Eastern Miscellany

在报刊杂志的名称前须用定冠同:the Eastern Miscellany(东方

杂志),the Times(泰晤士报),the Atlantic Monthly(大西洋月刊)。

(20)误:Paper was invented in Han Dynasty.

正:the Han Dynasty

在朝代的名称前,须用定冠词:the Han Dynasty(汉朝),the Tang

Dynasty(唐朝),the Ming Dynasty(明朝)等。例:Many Japanese pirates

invaded Chinese coasts during the Ming Dynasty.

(21)误:Former Chinese Empire was the center of civilization

in Asia.

正:The former Chinese Empire

在帝国的名称前,须用定冠词:the Chinese Empire,the British

Em- pire,the Japanese Empire。

(22)误:Dr.Sun Yat-sen is father of Chinese Republic.

正:the Chinese Republic

在共和国的国名前须用定冠词:the Chinese Republic,the French

Republic,the Republic of Colombia。

(23)误:He will enter Conservative Party.

正:the Conservative Party

在政党的名称前须用定冠词:the Conservative Party(保守党),

the Republican Party(共和党)。

(24)误:Korean War started in 1950.

正:The Korean War

在战争名称前须用定冠词:the Korean War,the Civil War,the First

World War。

(25)误:Cairo Conference was held in Cairo on December 1,

1943.

正:The Cairo Conference

在会议的名称前须用定冠词:the Cairo Conference(开罗会议),

the Potsdam Conference(波茨坦会议),the Yalta Conference(雅

尔塔会议)。

(26)误:He belongs to Mongolian race.

正:the Mongolian race

在人种的名称前须用定冠词:the Mongolian race or the Yellow

race(黄种人),the Ethiopian race or the black race(黑种人)

等。例:The Mongolian race also incluese the Eskimos.

(27)误:English language is not difficult to learn.

正:The English language

 第二章:冠 词1 第二章:冠 词2 第二章:冠 词3

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